Effects of Forest Act on Lives of People
Effects of Forest Act on Lives of People
EFFECTS OF FOREST ACT ON LIVES OF PEOPLE:
Effect of Forest Rules on Cultivation: The major impact of forest laws was the ban on shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture.
In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in ashes after the first monsoon rain and the crops are harvested by October-November. Such plots are cultivated for a couple of years and then left fallow for 12 to 18 years for the forest to grow back. A mixture of crops is grown on these plots.
DEFINITION OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION: An area is cleared for cultivation for a period of time after that it left uncultivated so that it could gain fertility.
Note The shifting cultivation has many local names, like lading in South East Asia, milpa in Central America, chitemene or tavy in Africa, chena in Sri Lanka. In India also it has many local names like, dhya, penda, bewar, nevad, jhum, podu, khandad, Kumri, etc.
Banning of Shifting Cultivation:
European foresters regarded the practice of shifting cultivation was harmful for the forests. When a forest was burnt there was a danger of spreading flames and burning valuable timbers.
Shifting cultivation made it more difficult for the government to calculate taxes. So, the British Government decided to ban shifting cultivation. As a result, some communities were forcibly displaced from their homes. Some of them had to change their occupations, while some revolted against the law.
Taungya Cultivation: - It was a system in which local farmers were allowed to cultivate temporarily within a plantation. When the cultivators were sowing paddy, the men made holes in the soil using long bamboo poles with iron tips. The women sowed paddy in each hole.
PROHIBITION ON HUNTING AFTER FOREST ACT:
NEW TRADES, NEW EMPLOYMENTS AND NEW SERVICES:
Rebellion in the Forest: - In many parts of India and across the world, forest communities rebelled against the changes that were being imposed on them. In India, Siddhu and Kanu of Santhal Paraganas, Birsa Munda of Chhotanagpur, Alluri Sitarama Raju of Andhra Pradesh who revolted against the new forest policy are still remembered today in many songs and stories.
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